Primitive and modern outdoor skills

Butchering Rabbits (photos

2014-09-20

Recently Jess and I met a friend of a friend. We were talking about long distance backpacking and primitive skills and that sort of thing. At some point the conversation turned towards animals, using them, eating them, etc. Partly as a meat-eater she was very interested in trying actually slaughtering and butchering an animal with us.

Jess had already been planning on getting an animal to put up some meat for ourselves. Partly because we like the meat better, and partly because as uncomfortable as it is, we both feel a lot more comfortable knowing exactly how the animal lived and died. We figure it's better than the unknowns.

So, one weekend our new friend came by our house. Jess had found a source of rabbits on craigslist and that that evening we drove out to their house to pick them up. We got 3 rabbits. A little younger than optimal for meat, but we decided to roll with it.

We had brought 2 rubbermaid bins that we'd carefully drilled holes in the tops of. We put the rabbits in these and went home. At home we tried to make the rabbits comfortable in our shower.
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After not long they were hopping around pretty chill. We don't particularly believe in avoiding feeding animals before slaughter, it might make our jobs a tiny tiny bit easier, but I'd rather the animals are happy. We had some sprouts we grew that we'd failed to eat soon enough, so we gave these to the rabbits, they enjoyed them thoroughly

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Overnight they didn't even hop out of the shower. Domestic rabbits are kindof ludicrously relaxed.

I should mention here that this was actually my first time taking part in slaughtering an animal. I've processed animals before, but they were roadkill. I've spent a lot of time thinking about hunting, and considering taking an animals life, and somehow for me hunting is notionally more comfortable. It sounds weird, but you get a chance to "ask" the animal, and in many cases it gets a chance to kindof decide to leave or not. It sounds crazy, but I know people who take game this way, and yes, they do take game in the end.

Anyway. The next day we talked for a while. We went to the rabbits and held them, petted them, got to know them, and we thanked them. Once we all felt (or at least said) we were ready, we slaughted the rabbits.

To actually slaughter them we used the "broom-stick" method. There are tons of good youtube videos of this method. Basically, you put the animal on the ground. You place the broomstick behind the animals head across the neck. Then you push down on the broomstick with 2 feet, and pull up on the rabbit's hind-legs until the rabbit dies. It takes only about a second.

We went one-by-one each doing one rabbit. I went first. I pulled to hard and popped the head off, out of fear that I might not kill fast enough. That wasn't a problem though. Afterwards I cried... it's hard to explain, I had done this with intention and knowledge, and I wasn't sad. My emotion was "crying", not sadness.

I explained to our friend that to me, it's important that it's a little hard every time you do it. If it wasn't hard, it definitely would not be okay by me. It would be creepy and weird and wrong.

Anyway, we all took a little time to deal with it, and then got to butchering. Jess had both processed enough animals that this part was just not emotional anymore. We were looking at meat... dinner. It took a minute before we realized our friend was not of the same mind and was still seeing the animal she had just killed; though she was pushing bravely on anyway.

We were so caught up in it that I failed to take any pictures. So, a while later we had this:

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And this

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Oh, and blood pudding which I failed to take a picture of. We ate the blood putting and the organs as lunch.

We dried the pelts for other uses. Jess is going to try to tan hers. I tried to tan a wild-rabbit pelt and ended up tearing it up quite a bit due to it being so thin. So I declined. Domestic rabbit skin is much thicker though, so Jess stands a good chance of success.

That evening we roasted one of the rabbits for dinner. It was good. It was odd to eat domestic meat that I had butchered, I'm used to the meat being very rich, wild meat. This was much richer than commercial meat, but not nearly as rich as wild.

Jess and I made a soup with the rest of the carcass that made several meals. We used the meat in probably 3 subsequent stir-frys as well. We took the other 2 rabbits and chopped them up and froze them for later use. We'll make a minimum of 2 more soups, and the meat should be most of what we need for a few months.

So, now we can meat for a while where we know where it came from, how it lived, and how it died. There are few things I've found so grounding as eating meat where that is the case.  It makes you turn and look at the rest of your world the same way. Is it comfortable? No not entirely. Does it make me feel better about myself than eating other meat? Definitely. Would not eating meat make me feel even better? No... it wouldn't, and explaining that I'll leave for another time.

Sorry this post lacks the technical bits in the middle. We'll try and get more photos the next time we need more good meat.


Canning over a fire

2014-09-20

Now that Jess and I are finally settled in a place again we're starting to get into the rhythm of working on projects.

Jess through a housewarming party, and a farmer friend brought us some spare produce, mostly tomatoes and cucumbers. So we decided to can them.

Jess picked up a nice canning pot, but when we tried to use it we realized it didn't work on our stove, because our stove is electric glass top. The air-gap between the pot and the stove was way too large, so the water never boiled.

Our next thought was to use the propane camping stove. We canned a few jars of pickles on the propane stove, and it worked great... except that we used most of a canister of propane! That makes for expensive pickles!

After much consideration we realized that we could just do it over a fire, so we got to work. I gathered firewood and built a tripod while jess finished the preperatory steps, built a fire-circle, and attached a wire to the handles of the pot as a bail.


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Most of the forest around us is oak, so we didn't have too much trouble getting a good fire going (cheating with a lighter). Two evenings of canning and we had canned this:

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Not bad!

Today I opened one of the jars of pickles... Crunchy and delicious! The recipe we used was hotpack with a bit of mustard in it, and a nice balance of garlic and dill.


DYI: Chair seat

2014-07-26

I inherited two chairs, both partially broken. The chair frame were solid, but the several of the slats in the seats were broken. As luck would have it I was able to build one complete chair-seat using the two existing ones. Then came how to make a seat for the other one.

I have no idea how this is normally done, but rather than look it up I decided to try my own idea. I had some 7 ounce canvas from my tarp experiments. I also had grommets, and 550 paracord. My idea was to make a canvas seat, laced on the bottom, and that's about what I got:

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And here's what the bottom looks like:

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It took me two tries to cut the right shape. I was WAY too lazy the first time. Second time I measured much more carefully, then checked it against the feet of the chair as a sanity check. Based on that I caught several measuring mistakes. I did a test fitting actually before putting in all the grommets (it's a lot of grommets). Here's what that looked like:

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DSC00214 Notice all the dirt on the seat. Before the final fitting I soaked it for a while in some non-chlorine bleach and warm water to get the stains out. I mounted it wet, As it dries it should also shrink a little helping with the fit.

Besides cutting the right shape there as only one tricky setp to this project. The grommets are not totally trivial. This fabric is a very loose weave, so it turns out you can push the fibers out of the way rather than breaking any, this should help retain the strength. But, it's hard to get the grommet between the threads. To solve this I discovered if I used my elk-bone awl to create the hole, I could slide the grommet up on to the bone-awl, and just work the threads off the awl and down over the grommet. Here's a series of pictures to help.

DSC00217 DSC00218 DSC00221 DSC00222 DSC00223

After I had these locked in I actually finished setting them all out on the deck, as hammering that hard might shatter a tile.

Overall I'm pretty happy with the result. The unfinished edge on the corners is a little rough, and may shorten it's lifespan. If I do it again I'll see about finishing those. I can crank it pretty tight, and I expect it'll take a couple of tightenings before it really stays taught. A tight as I can crank it though it seems good enough for my somewhat indelicate rear :P. I'm very curious to see how well it holds up.

Update

Tore out one grommet in the back trying to crank it really tight. This canvas can't hold up to that kind of abuse. It's at the back-side where it doesn't get much stress during use, so I faked a hacky repair (just wrapped over the chair frame instead and skipped that grommet). It may just be that the canvas is too weak, but I'm going to wait and see.

Oh also, you can definitely feel the front bar, it's still usable, but definitely not as nice as the slat-seat of the other chair.


MYOG: Canvas Tarp Experiment

2014-07-20

While we were in Vermont I got the idea to make a canvas tarp. The idea was to  2 pieces of canvas that we could use to roll our gear up in and tie it to our pack frames, then attach the two pieces to make a nice tarp to sleep under.

I spent a while looking up various types of canvas. What I wanted was 8 ounce cotton duck canvas. Duck canvas has a weave that makes it quite water resustant. I wanted 8 ounce because that's the lightest duck has ever been made.

Well, 8 ounce duck is basically unavailable, 10 ounce is the lightest you can get. I'd like linen duck even better, but good luck finding that. If you touch canvas the water will tend to wick onto you, so I wanted a larger tarp then normal, I figured 10x9'. At 10 ounces a yard this comes to 6.25 lbs. At half that for each of us (plus a little for ties and overlap), we'd each be carrying ~3.25 lbs of shelter. That's not terrible, but it's not light either. At 8 ounces that would be ~2.6 lbs, which is sounding a lot nicer.

Not being satisfied with what I could find I decided to try  getting raw 7-ounce non-duck canvas, and seeing what would happen. I got raw because I don't like the carcinogens in the flame retardants. If it didn't work out I'd have canvas for other projects, so it wouldn't be a total loss. This comes out more like 2.3 lbs each. And I made this:


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This is made entirely of cotton and linen. It's stitched with a cotton jeens thread, and the tie-outs are made from linen twine I plied into cord for this purpose. The joints along the ridgeline work like below, a large loop goes through a small loop and a stick is stuck through the large-loop to join them.

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Both halves also have 8 tieouts themselves, so each can be used as a smaller standalone tarp.

When we pitched it we immediatly found one flaw in my design. I hadn't provided a way to pull *both* tarps taught with the guyline, only one. so we ended up having to join them with a rock like so:



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You can see where the normal ridge joint is, it's down the side a bit, the problem is that this didn't attach it at the actual ridgeline itself, only several inches down at the edge of the overlap. The rock worked fine though.

We slept under it like this in a decent thunderstorm in Vermont. The ridge-joint worked very well, but the fabric did not. We did not get soaked, but we certainly did get wet. We were using a blanket, rather than down sleepingbags, so we stayed out all night and were fine, but it simple didn't cut it. The rain would hit and mist through the fabric due to the weave simply being too loose.

Recently I ran it 3 loads through the washer and dryer on hot, to see what we could do. The tarp was originally 11 feet long and about 10 feet wide. It is now about 10 feet long and 9 feet wide (my target dimensions, I knew it would shrink). The hope is that this has closed the pores enough... sadly we've yet to get a good rainstorm.

I also fixed the end joints very simply. I just added 2 more ties, one small and one large, that join the ridge right where the tieout goes. Rather than a stick we just use that loop as the tieout, like so:

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This design is simple and gets good ridge tension.

I have been stalling on writing this article for some time, waiting to sleep in the tarp post shrink, in a real storm, but it's going to be a while longer yet before that happens as we're in the middle of moving (again, but for a while this time!).

Overall conclusion:

I like the experiment, and I want to finish testing this and at some point try again to build a shelter out of more traditional materials like this. It's fun and definitely a bit of a different experience to try and use less plastic and home-made gear.

Gear Teardown

2014-07-04

A friend of mine, planning to hike the JMT sometime soon, asked me for some gear advice, and was kind enough to let me post the gear teardown to help other folks as well.

Now, before we dive in: My friend is very fit, a fairly experienced outdoors-men, and a moderately experienced backpacker looking to cut weight off his pack. He's looking to do a summer hike of the JMT in around 20'ish days. He's already spent quite a bit of time and energy trying to cut his pack weight down and is coming to me for additional advice

The Gear list
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1WKs24v3VA01skngICO8gyIYfQMrbU9D_PZLfc4KRzIY/edit?usp=sharing
His gearlist is fairly typical from what I've seen. He's making very reasonable and safe choices while trying to get the weight down, and his pack comes out to just over 20 lbs. I met at least 4 people on the AT who asked for help cutting weight and varying versions of this formula.

You may also want to take a glance at what I carried on the JMT:
http://www.blog.smalladventures.net/2012/08/gear-for-jmt.html

And what I carried on the AT
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0Apo-hhseGKc2dFluS0syZkg3RkpiTkdNYUZjVHVJMGc&usp=sharing

Most of the weights here are based on the two spreadsheets.

Target:
So, how light should we be aiming? It's all personal preference. My friend wants to gut his pack weight, and has decided he's willing to sacrifice to get there. I can hem and haw all day about different tradeoffs, but instead let me lay down a few approximate numbers that I, personally, think are reasonable, and that I've seen a lot of thru-hikers achieve with reasonably safe and kits and reasonable cost.

IMHO, summertime in the continental US, doing something most folks would call backpacking, ~14lbs is a pretty doable target. As an example, here's my end of AT weights:
https://docs.google.com/spreadsheet/ccc?key=0Apo-hhseGKc2dFluS0syZkg3RkpiTkdNYUZjVHVJMGc&usp=sharing

8 lbs is doable if you do go crazy, and have a lot of background knowledge and skills. Personally my through-hike pack is heavier 14 lbs, because I have a habit of getting myself in sticky situations (if you read this blog, you know what I'm talking about), I hate having to ask for help, I like robust gear, and I often carry a few non-essentials.

So, there should be 6 to 9 lbs we can shave off that initial pack list without things getting too dangerous.


Clothes
This is often one of the easiest places to cut.

Spare socks Darn Tough 59 2.08116 0.13007
Synthetic Longsleeve typically worn on hike 270.4 9.53808 0.59613
Spare underwear ExOfficio 100 3.5274 0.22046
Longsleeve Base Layer Top Smartwool 100% merino 265.3 9.35818 0.58489
Base Layer Bottoms Smartwool 100% merino 204.5 7.21353 0.45085
Puffy Jacket Mountain Hardwear, 100% Polyester fill 480.6 16.9527 1.05954
Fleece Pants REI, 100% polyester 339.9 11.9896 0.74935
Fleece Gloves Mountain Hardwear, 100% Polyester 58.6 2.06705 0.12919
Fleece Cap generic (Army Surplus store) 83.3 2.93832 0.18365
Rain Pants Columbia (Omni-Tech) Unknown model 311.7 10.9949 0.68718
Rain Jacket Marmot (Unknown Model) 348.7 12.3 0.76875
Mesh Sack for Rain Gear SeaToSummit Mesh Stuff Sack (6.5L) 10.9 0.38449 0.02403

One more note. He's wearing a short-sleeve wool shirt, AND carrying a long-sleeve synthetic shirt. A good long-sleeve shirt for the JMT would be one that's quite thin and light (this is what I wore actually), with sleeves that roll up easily. Given this a short-sleeve shirt is completely uneccessary, given that he's got a seperate upper-body base-layer. This change would cut nearly 6 ounces off the skin-out weight, and 8 ounces off the pack-weight.

Total cut: 23.5 ounces = 1.47 lbs

Shelter


Big Agnes Fly Creek UL 1 Tent 0 0
Tent Body 290.5 10.2471 0.64044

Rain Fly 270.9 9.55572 0.59723

Footprint 104.7 3.69318 0.23082
SeaToSummit Mesh Stuff Sack (4L) 9.1 0.32099 0.02006
Poles w/ sack (store outside pack?) 207.6 7.32287 0.45768
Stakes w/ pouch 127.8 4.50801 0.28175
E-tarp 5x7 tarp, orange one side, reflective other 337.6 11.9085 0.74428



0 0
SUB-TOTAL : 1348.2 47.5564 2.97227

For a tent, this is very light. 2.16 lbs is entirely reasonable. The extra tarp and footprint are definitely not needed we drop those and we're down to 2 lbs even

Footprints are for car-camping. Modern tents are surprisingly tough. Even silnylon, which is less tough that what most tents use, holds up fine on rocks without a foot print if you pull the really sharp stuff. There are many reviews and testimants to this. 1/4 lb is a lot.

After discussing this some my friend is seriously considering going towards a tarp. Why? Because with a silnylon tarp (~$60.0) and gossamer gear groundcloth, this could be 1.4 lb. With an expensive tarp (like Jess' from zpacks) this could be under a pound. The cheap tarp option is thus -1.6 lbs.

total cut: 28 ounces = 1.6 lbs

Sleep system
sleeping bag (or quilt) REI Lumen (25* synthetic) 1230.6 43.4081 2.71301 looking at upgrade options
sleeping pad ThermARest NeoAir Xtherm 484.6 17.0938 1.06836


bag liner
256.9 9.06188 0.56637 options: 354 or 256.9
water-proof sack SeaToSummit UltraSil Compression (20L) 97.6 3.44274 0.21517


SUB-TOTAL : 2069.7 73.0065 4.56291




It's heavy, but well thought out. You can definitely do better on the sleeping bag, especially if you go to down, but there are all sorts of trade-offs to be made there. I dry out down, but not everyone does. Also, cutting weight in your sleepingbag is expensive.
The Xtherm is great, and I've considered getting one myself for winter. It's way overkill for summer (I used a 1/8" pad for my trip), but if your bony it could be well worth it. I asked why the liner, and he said to extend the life of the bag. It's heavy, but I can understand that seeing how fast I wear out sleeping bags.

Two notes on the UltraSil compression sack:
Total cut: 0

Cooking
JetBoil Sol (but not Ti) pot, stove, lid 317.6 11.2030 0.70019
spoon SeaToSummit Long Handle 11.9 0.41976 0.02624
sponge part of reg ScotchBrite kitchen sponge 10.9 0.38449 0.02403
food storage sack +trash bag 0 0
hanging kit 137.2 4.83959 0.30247
water filter Katadyn Hiker Pro 414.8 14.6316 0.91448
Water Bottle (1L) GSI DukJug 185.9 6.55743 0.40984
Water Storage 2-48oz Nalgenes 308 10.8644 0.67902
SUB-TOTAL : 1386.3 48.9003 3.05627

Total cut: 29 ounces = 1.8 lbs

Accessories
Trowel GSI, plastic 88 3.10411 0.19401
Toilet Paper 43 1.51678 0.09480
Soap Dr Bronners, .25oz 78.5 2.76901 0.17306
550 Cord 45 ft 90.9 3.20640 0.2004
Baggie Assortment 65.4 2.30692 0.14418
Repair Kit
157.1 5.54154 0.34635
Camera cards, batteries, case 0 0
Multi-tool Leatherman Juice 130.6 4.60678 0.28792
Headlamp
0 0
PLB?

0 0
First Aid Kit
0 0



0 0
SUB-TOTAL : 653.5 23.0515 1.44072


total cut:  9.7 ounces = 0.6 lbs

Emergency

pouch
7 0.24692 0.01543
Space Blanket SOL 73.1 2.57853 0.16116
Matches UCO Waterproof (15ct) 16.9 0.59613 0.03726
Duct Tape ~2yds 21.4 0.75486 0.04718
Wire
74 2.61027 0.16314
Sparker Light My Fire Scraper 28.4 1.00178 0.06261
Knife Gerber Mini Paraframe 41.7 1.47092 0.09193
Iodine+ 1 qt baggie 39.7 1.40038 0.08752
Tinder Plastic case w/ waxed cotton balls 32.6 1.14993 0.07187
Band-Aids 2.1 0.07408 0.00463
Mirror SOL 16.4 0.57849 0.03616
Whistle Fox 40 Mini 5.5 0.19401 0.01213
Lighter Bic Mini, waterproofed 11.9 0.41976 0.02624
Safety Pins 3.3 0.11640 0.00728
Compass REI keychain-type 9.9 0.34921 0.02183
Headlamp Petzl E-lite 26.2 0.92418 0.05776
Emergency food
0 0





He and I have talked quite a bit about this section. About what sort of things Jess and I carry. An emergency git is *very* personal, it reflects not only the level of risk you are willing to take, but also your personal knowledge and skills with various tools. Carry things you know, and will use. Also, your emergency kit isn't for emergencies. It's for *avoiding* emergencies. You should be perfectly willing to pull out any piece of gear in there if it will help you with your situation, before you are in any trouble. Because of these two properties, the gear you've used in the past should weigh very heavily on what goes in your kit. My advice is based on my experiences, skills, and other gear, keep that in mind.

Total cut: 0

Conclusion:

So, first pass, relatively easy , our total cut is: 5.46 lbs

I was trying not to spend much money, or change the style much with this breakdown. There are a number of things you could do to keep going lower.
For another 6.65 lbs
That's over 12 pounds cut.

I would be willing to hike the JMT with every one of the adjustments listed above. It takes some knowhow, but that gear would be sufficient for me.

I'm noticing as I read this gear-list over and over, that I can't quite get the weight as low as I'd expect. I think there are two reasons for this. One is that I don't want to stare at this list that long (which I would for myself). The other is that at some point it's a lot of smaller things that get hard to see quickly. To keep cutting weight you get to weighing different pieces of gear, and trying to replace each each with something lighter. Do I want those shorts, or those other shorts? This is part of why I tend to end up in the 12-14 lb range myself, at some point it gets expensive, and I just don't care that much. As an example, on the AT I wore a pair of women's running shorts for decency over my compression shorts. They were much much lighter than normal men's shorts would've been.

Remember that my friend *asked* for this breakdown. Hike your own hike, bring what you want and have fun out there. I backpack many different ways myself, a blanket around my waist, classic ultralight gear, or heavier weight with an axe and guitar. The things I'm suggesting are not intended as a judgement in any way on any of those items, or people who carry them. The point is to give advice on how to cut weight where that's someone's priority (as it is for my friend).

Anyway, I hope people find this breakdown useful. Happy hiking!